Battery energy storage, explained

How grid batteries work, in plain language.

BESS Talk explains battery energy storage systems from the basics up: what is inside the container, how a battery earns money, and what it takes to keep one running for 15 years.

One day in the life of a battery Illustrative
Battery state of charge and electricity price over 24 hours The battery charges between 9:00 and 14:00 when solar power makes electricity cheap, then discharges between 17:00 and 21:00 when the evening price peaks. CHARGING DISCHARGING 100% 50% 0% 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 24:00
State of charge (left axis) Electricity price (shape only)
Charge at midday when solar makes power cheap. Sell at the evening peak. That spread is the simplest way a battery earns money.
Start here

Learn BESS in five steps

New to energy storage? Read these in order. Each one builds on the last, from the basic idea to running a real plant.

  1. Step 1

    What is a BESS?

    Why the grid needs batteries, and what one actually looks like on site.

  2. Step 2

    MW vs MWh

    Power and energy are different things. Get this right and the rest gets easier.

  3. Step 3

    Inside the container

    Cells, racks, the PCS, cooling and the EMS, and what each one does.

  4. Step 4

    How a battery earns money

    Energy trading, grid services and capacity payments, explained simply.

  5. Step 5

    Keeping it running

    Maintenance, availability and warranties over a 15-year life.

Topics

Basics first, then go deeper

The first two topics are for beginners. The last three are for people who already work with storage, or want to.

Basics

Storage 101

Key ideas and terms, with no prior knowledge needed.

Basics

Technology

Batteries, inverters, cooling and control systems.

Deeper

Markets & money

Revenue streams, business models and the German market.

Deeper

Operations & service

O&M, availability, spare parts and warranty claims.

Deeper

Safety & rules

Fire safety, grid codes and the EU Battery Regulation.

Modules

First modules

Structured lessons you can work through at your own pace, from the basics up.

All modules
Basics

What is a battery energy storage system?

15 minModule 1
BasicsComing soon

MW vs MWh: power and energy explained

20 minModule 2
TechnologyComing soon

What is round-trip efficiency?

20 minModule 3
MarketsComing soon

How does a battery make money in Germany?

30 minModule 4
OperationsComing soon

What does availability mean for a BESS?

25 minModule 5
OperationsComing soon

What happens during BESS maintenance?

25 minModule 6
Free tool

How big is that battery?

Projects are described in MW and hours. Move the sliders to see how much energy that is, how many homes it could supply for a day, and roughly how many containers it takes.

50 MW
2 hours
100MWh stored
10,400homes for a day
2020-ft containers
Rough estimates. Homes assume about 3,500 kWh per German household per year (9.6 kWh a day). Containers assume about 5 MWh each, typical for current LFP products.
Glossary

BESS words, decoded

The terms you will meet in every datasheet and contract.

Full glossary
State of charge SoC
How full the battery is, as a percentage of its usable capacity.
C-rate
How fast a battery charges or discharges compared with its size. 0.5C means a full charge in two hours.
Round-trip efficiency RTE
The share of energy you get back out after storing it. Some is always lost as heat.
Power conversion system PCS
The inverter that turns the battery's DC power into AC power for the grid, and back.
Energy management system EMS
The software that decides when the battery charges and discharges.
Availability
The share of time a plant is ready to run. Service contracts often guarantee it.
About

Why BESS Talk exists

Battery storage is one of the fastest-growing parts of the energy transition, but most explanations are written for specialists. BESS Talk starts from zero and builds up, in clear language, so anyone curious about storage can follow along. Based in Wolfsburg, Germany.

More about BESS Talk